“Open Science encompasses strategies and practices aimed at making all components of the scientific process openly accessible and reusable on the internet. This approach is intended to open up new possibilities for science, society, and industry in handling scientific knowledge” (AG Open Science, 2014, translation by Saskia Köbschall).

Under the terms Open AccessOpen Access refers to the free, costless, unrestricted, and barrier-free access to scientific knowledge and materials. For third parties to reuse these materials legally, the creators must grant usage rights through a licensing agreement. Free CC licenses, for example, specify exactly how data and materials may be reused. Read More, Open DataOpen data are data that are openly and freely accessible online and may be reused by third parties without restriction. This requires that they are provided with an open license (Opendefinition, 2023). Read More, Open Source, and others – all of which fall under the umbrella of Open Science – scientists are increasingly making publications, research data, and code freely accessible online.