In archives or repositoriesA repository is a storage location for academic documents. In online repositories, publications are digitally stored, managed, and assigned persistent identifiers. Cataloging facilitates the search and use of publications and author information. In most cases, documents in online repositories are openly and freely accessible (Open Access). Read More, access rights regulate who has access to data and to what extent, particularly for reuse. Typically, access is categorized as follows:

• Free access: Direct access to data, either immediately or after agreeing to terms of use, and usually free of charge.
• Access by application: Access is granted only through a data usage agreement and is typically restricted to scientific research purposes.
• Secure access: Access is provided in highly controlled environments, such as on-site usage in digital safe rooms, without the ability to copy data onto a local computer.